Sandra Stotsky has an excellent essay that outlines how teaching phonics became identified with conservative ideology and fundamentalism, while the disaster that is whole language reading instruction became identified with progressive thought.
Phonics instruction was one of the first areas of pedagogy to be politicized, and by the author of Reading: A Psycholinguistic Guessing Game—Kenneth Goodman, with the help of his educator wife, Yetta Goodman. They were the founders of the whole language movement.
In an attempt to ascribe the low reading achievement of low-income children to language differences, not language deficits, Goodman claimed that phonics instruction imposed standard forms of speech on dialect-speaking children through the teaching of conventional sound-letter correspondences and led to a lack of motivation to learn to read and the failure of these children to connect what they decoded with their native language. Because these children could not associate the words they identified with the language they spoke, he argued, they could not read with meaning. Phonics instruction, he also implied, was the preferred strategy of Christian fundamentalists, darkly hinting that it was favored by conservative parents because it fit in with attempts at controlled literal understandings of a text. In effect, Goodman made phonics instruction a civil rights issue and smeared it as a tool of both white middle class oppressors and white fanatics.
Go read the whole thing. I wonder why black parents aren't leading the movement to reform education. Minority children are those most injured by poor instruction.
Bill Honig, the chief of public instruction during the whole-language debacle, said:
"It is the curse of all progressives, who control much of
what happens in the field of education, that we are anti-research and
anti-science, and we never seem to grasp how irrational that attitude
is. This is probably our deepest failure."
The State of California implemented whole language standards in 1988. (Stewart's history of WL instruction here) By 1992, roughly 90% of the
California fourth graders scored near the bottom of all states
participating in a National Assessment of Education Progress (NAEP)
assessment of reading.
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