Tuesday January 11 The second installment of Brian Deer's expose has been released: Secrets of the MMR scare: How the vaccine crisis was meant to make money. I'm keeping the same lists, but restarting numbering.
I will keep updating this silently as I find more posts, pro and con.
See my post at The Thinking Person's Guide to Autism, Andrew Wakefield, Yesterday's British Medical Journal Articles on His Fraud, and The Thinking Person's Guide to Autism
For people new to the story:
In 1998, Andrew Wakefield and 12 co-authors published a paper, "Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children." [ Download Wakefield1998paper [pdf]] The paper itself is modest, but Wakefield energetically used the paper's publication to cast fear and doubt about the safety of the combined measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. Upon discovering that Wakefield did not disclose payments from a law firm to underwrite some of the research, in 2004 ten of the 12 co-authors renounced the study. Following an investigation by journalist Brian Deer, in 2007 the British General Medical Council (GMC) launched an investigation. In January 2010, the GMC ruled against Wakefield on all the charges. In February 2010, The Lancet withdrew the paper. On 24 May 2010 he was struck off the United Kingdom medical register. On January 5, 2011, the British Medical Journal published an article and editorial, documenting that Wakefield extensively edited data in the 1998 paper with the intent of benefiting from litigation and from sales of an alternative vaccine he had patented.
Reactions to Secrets of the MMR scare: how the case against the MMR vaccine was fixed from parents of children with autism and adults with autism--condemning Wakefield
The most thorough overall coverage of the story has been from LeftBrain/RightBrain. Posts in order:
- Sullivan at LB/RB The British Medical Journal (BMJ) Press Release: There is "No Doubt" that it was Wakefield who perpetrated this fraud
- Sullivan at LB/RB BMJ Editorial: Wakefield's article linking MMR vaccineand autism was fraudulent
- Sullivan at LB/RB Brian Deer in the BMJ: How the case against the MMR vaccine was fixed
- Sullivan at LB/RB: The National Autism Association Tries and Fails to Defend Andrew Wakefield's Fraud
- Sullivan at LB/RB:Journalist: US should probe Wakefield
- Kev at LB/RB:Andrew Wakefield on CNN
- Sullivan at LB/RB:Andrew Wakefield on CNN: The last gasps of a desperate man
- Kev at LB/RB:JB Handley of Generation Rescue on CNN
- Sullivan at LB/RB:Brian Deer on CNN responds to Andrew Wakefield's Wild Charges
- Sullivan at LB/RB:Seth Mnookin responds to Andrew Wakefield on CNN
- Sullivan at LB/RB You can't question vaccines without being destroyed...or can you?
- Kev at LB/RB Alison Singer, the Autism Science Foundation, on CNN
- Sullivan at LB/RB Andrew Wakefield: The last gasps of a desperate man
- Kev at LB/RB Wakefield’s Lancet Paper – Lancet published vs NHS records
- Sullivan at LB/RB Al Jazeera on the Wakefield fraud, less false "balance"
- Kev at LB/RB Why does it matter what happens to Andrew Wakefield?
- Sullivan at LB/RB Scientific fraud allegations: Wakefield is not unique
- Kev at LB/RBThe Big Lie – what Andrew Wakefield did was possible and fraudulent
- Sullivan at LB/RB Fact-checking Brian Deer on Andrew Wakefield
- Sullivan at LB/RB Jenny McCarthy joins the defense of Andrew Wakefield
Responses to How the vaccine crisis was meant to make money.
- Sullivan at LB/RB Secrets of how the vaccine crisis was supposed to make money.
- Sullivan at LB/RB Timeline of the MMR scare.
- Sullivan at LB/RB Mr. Wakefield's business plan as discussed at the GMC hearing
- Kev at LB/RB Wakefield says he is innocent of fraud...in other news, sky is still blue
Besides LB/RB, adults or parents of children with autism who do not support Wakefield or the vaccines-cause-autism notion Secrets of the MMR scare: how the case against the MMR vaccine was fixed
- Shannon Rosa at BlogHer Elaborate fraud linking autism and vaccines
- Mike Stanton at Action for Autism (UK) Wakefield and the MMR-Autism hoax
- Laura at Apartment 11d Predators, Jackals, and rackets in the autism industry
- Dr Manny Alvarez at Fox News Stop lying about vaccines and autism
- Prometheus at Photon in the Darkness: The Final Curtain
- Emily Willingham at the Biology Files There were two other non-retracting authors on the Wakefield MMR paper. Where are they now?
- Stuart Duncan (@autismfather) The day that CNN phoned me – What they didn’t print
- Kim Wombles at Countering Wakefield and Handley: Bruised by Media
- AutismJungle at AutismJungle Andrew Wakefield an even bigger liar than I thought
- Alexander Cheezem at A View from the Boundaries On Wakefield and Fraud
- Laura Shumaker at SFGate Wakefield found fraudulent: Want to vent?
- The Autistic Journalist at The Autistic Journalist New Wakefield ruling permeating local news
- Heather at Frivolous Indecision Breaking My Silence
- Anne Burnett at Alleviating Autism Reaction to Dr. Andrew Wakefield and colleagues altering facts about patients
- Kim Wombles at Countering Battle Weary and Worn
- Kari Wolf at Imperfect Clarity The autism-vaccine link crashed and burned
Responses to "How the vaccine crisis was meant to make money" from adults or parents of children with autism who do not support Wakefield or the vaccines-cause-autism notion
- Prometheus at Photon in the Darkness Idée fixe
- Kat at Fickle Feline: Easy Prey--the irreprarable damage caused by the anti-vaccine movement
Others critical of Wakefield (I have not listed many that are just announcements; the posts listed all thave significant comments.) Secrets of the MMR scare: how the case against the MMR vaccine was fixed
- Orac MD at Respectful Insolence "Piltdown" medicine: Andrew Wakefield's scientific fraud was worse than previously thought
- Adam Marcus and Ivan Oransky at Retraction Watch Some quick thoughts and links on Andrew Wakefield, the BMJ, autism, vaccines and fraud
- PalMD at WhiteCoat Underground Autism and vaccines: looking for stronger statements from Sanjay Gupta MD
- Seth Mnookin at The Panic Virus The problems with the BMJ’s Wakefield-fraud story
- Gary Schwitzer's HealthNewsReview Blog The Wakefield MMR/autism dismantling demonstrates what a difference one journalist can make
- David Ropeik at Scientific American In the wake of Wakefield: Risk-perception and vaccines
- Phil Plait at Bad Astronomy Breaking BMJ Calls Andrew Wakefield a Fraud
- (an oldie but goodie from February 2010) Rahul Parikh The autism-vaccine lie that won't die: The media trumpeted an irresponsible study, ensuring that its nasty legacy thrives
- Aaron Carrol MD at the Incidental Economist The Autism-MMR Fraud
- Bryan Vartabedian MD at 33 Files Andrew Wakefield's victims
- Amanda Chan and Ross Toro, MyHealthNewsDaily Vaccines and Autism Timeline: How the Truth Unfolded
- Daniel J. Denoon at WebMD Autism/MMR Vaccine study faked: FAQ
- Editorial at New York Daily News Hippocates would puke: Doctor hoaxed parents into deynying vaccine
- David Whelan at Health Dollars (Forbes Blog) Extradite Andrew Wakefield To Face Fraud Charges In The UK
- Oliver Willis at Oliver Willis Andrew Wakefield Autism-Vaccine Study An “Elaborate Fraud”
- Writer James at Cubik's Rube Andrew Wakefield's Elaborate Fraud
- Steven Novella MD at Neurologica BMJ Slams Wakefield
- Justthevax at Just the Vax Wakefield is a fraud
- John M Grohol PsyD at PsychCentral Andrew Wakefield, the Autism-Vaccine Link and ‘Deliberate Fraud’
- Kelsey Wallace at BitchMagazine Douchebag Decree: Andrew Wakefield and his Fake Research Data
- Ed Silverman at Pharmalot Should the US Investigate Andrew Wakefield?
- Heather Turgeon at StrollerDerby Andrew Wakefield’s Vaccines-Autism Study: Not Just Bad Science, But Deliberate Fraud, Journal Says
- Kim Hosey at Arizona Writer Because it can't be said enough: Vaccinate your kids
- Skepacabra at Skepacabra Andrew Wakefield is a fraud!
- Astronomy Folk Breaking: BMJ Calls Andrew Wakefield a Fraud
- Glenn Caine at Godless Geek Blog BMJ declares Andrew Wakefield a fraud
- Siouxsie Wiles at Infectious Thoughts The Wakefield-Autism BMJ editorial revisited
- Skeptic Money Andrew Wakefield’s Autism Study Is Declared An Elaborate Fraud
- Ted Frank at Point of Law British Medical Journal details Andrew Wakefield's vaccine/autism fraud
- Jonathan H. Adler at the Volokh Conspiracy Vaccine-Autism Study "An Elaborate Fraud"
- Richard Besser MD at Dr. Besser's Notebook: The fallout of fraud
- Grant Jacobs at Code for Life Wakefield autism studies slammed as fraud by BMJ
- Ryan at Quantum of Knowledge Big Skeptical Wins: Andrew Wakefield “Fraud” and Power Balance Bull
- Monado at Science Notes Andrew Wakefield's Medical Fraud
- Clare Krusig at Autism Science Foundation Blog Wakefield’s “Elaborate Fraud”: Recapping the last two days’ events
- Tom at Thump and Whump Andrew Wakefield's Vaccine and Autism Study found fraudulent
- Jamie Bernstein, guest posting at The Friendly Atheist Andrew Wakefield’s Autism/Vaccines Study Shown to Be a Hoax
- Misty at Shakesville An Elaborate Hoax
- Bill Egnor at Antemedius BMJ Charges Fraud In Wakefield Data On Autism
- jthibeault at Lousy Canuck British Medical Journal: Wakefield study “an elaborate fraud”
- Lonely Conservative at Lonely Conservative Report Linking Vaccines to Autism Was an Absolute Fraud
- Bulletproof Courier at Bulletproof Courier Andrew Wakefield's Severed Head Keeps Talking
- Craig at Bucknackts Sordid Tawdry Blog Great MMR Vaccine Fraud
- Editors at the Fatherhood Channel Andrew Wakefield's Research linking autism to vaccines was deliberate fraud
- Robert M. Goldberg MD at The American Spectator Andrew Wakefield's Lethal Legacy
- Paul Offit MD at Medscape Today Autism and the MMR Scare, revisited
- Orac at Respectful Insolence As Andrew Wakefield's defenders circle the wagons
- Elyse at Skepchicks From MD to GDMFL
- at the Wall Street Journal The Autism Vaccine Hoax
- Thingy at Pondering Life Two exclamation marks!! It must be true!!
- Regina Phelps EMS Solutions at Emergency Management & Continuity Planning Autism link to vaccines refuted by British Medical Journal – bogus research an elaborate fraud causing global declines in vaccination rates
- Michael Fumento at In My Trends Opinion: Autism Fraud Just the Tip of the Iceberg
- Mummylonglegs at ...And then there was me, thinking ...Biased Blogging
- Emperor Mischa at the Anti-Idiotarian Rotweiler A Rachel Carson for Our Times
- Clarice Feldman, The American Thinker at Clarice's Pieces Clarice’s Pieces: Be Scientific (Skeptical) about Scientific Research
- Michael at New Discoveries and Comments in Creationism Fraud Discovered in Peer-Reviewed paper
- ASkepticRTN at PRLog Basis of Anti-Vaccination Campaign Shown Fraudulant
- Siouxsie Wiles at Infectious Thoughts When Measles Isn't Actually Measles
- Tom Allain at Tom Allain's thoughts And Musings Autism and vaccines: scaring paprents for fun and profit
- Maggie at Skeptic's Book of Pooh-Pooh Well, well. Another week has gone by here in the land down under and there is yet more good news to report. And plenty of it.
- Sheldon at Vaccines Work Read the BMJ article on Wakefield
- SammySpade at RepublicanOperative Forum Notorious vaccine-autism study a fraud
- The Next Big Adventure 34 Weeks
- Ret at Ret's Posterous The wicked lie about the link between vaccination and autism
- Kid at Heart at Heaven, Purgatory and Hell Fraud in Medicine
- Todd W. at Silenced by Age of Autism A harsh reality Wakefield and medical/scientific fraud (also see the Wakefield category for previous posts and censored comments)
- Linda at SCVTalk.com Study declared fraudulent but believers persist in blaming vaccines
- Nescio MD at Contusio cordis BMJ: Wakefield is a fraud
- Mike D at the A-Unicornist CNN: few swayed by fraud finding in autism study
- Drgrcevich at Church4EveryChild What Do Vaccines, Autism and Dr. Wakefield Have To Do With Christianity?
- Peter Bowditch at the Millenium Project has been compiling links on Wakefield's perfidy since 2002
- Editorial at The New Europe A Shot in the Arm
- Editorial at the Seattle Times Discredited autism researcher's penalty is a shot in the arm for medical integrity
- Maggie Koerth-Baker at Boing-Boing Read the Journalism that exposed the MMR autism/vaccine fraud and a previous, very informative post by Andrea James, Science by Press Release
- Andrew Beckett at Wisconsin Radio Network Breaking the link between autism and vaccines
- Scott Hensley at National Public Radio's All Things Considered Study Linking Childhood Vaccine and autism was fraudulent
- David Ropeik at the Huffington Post Wakefield Debunked, But Vaccine Fear Lives
- The Jewish Gadfly at The Praxy Project Vaccine Scare Doctor Exposed as Fraud
- Science News and Views Study That Linked Autism and Vaccines Now Determined to be Fraud
- Patrick Boucher at Jurisciencia To The End of Reckoning
- Patently at Patently Rubbish Anna slips up
- Maggie Koerth-Baker at Boing Boing Read the journalism that exposed the MMR/autism fraud
- Andrea James at Boing Boing Science by Press Conference: A Modern Scourge
- Peter Trzeciak at Pete's Wicked Blog, Jenny's At it Again
- Orac at Respectful Insolence Jenny McCarthy Weighs in on Andrew Wakefield--with predictable results
- Jon Brock at Cracking the Enigma MMR and autism: evidence of scientific fraud
- Paul Offit MD at the Wall Street Journal Junk Science Isn't a Victimless Crime
- Nathan Thornburgh at Time Q&A with author Seth Mnookin
- Mike at Mike's Weekly Skeptic Rant Fisking Jenny
- Polly Palumbo at MommaData Sloppy Science Meets Slimy Science
- Rebecca Hillman at CNN Author says there really weren't two sides to autism debate
- Statgirl at Stat Girl Skewers the News UPDATE: Well educated otherwise normal parents in CT are STILL listening to Jenny McCarthy for medical advice. Absurd.
- Anne McDonald at the Harvard Health Letter Good Investigative Reporting may finally debunk the myth that vaccines cause autism
- Wesley J. Smithat Secondhand Smoke Why do some cling to the fraudulent autism/vaccine connection.
- Brad Walters at Cortical Hemming and Hawing Andrew Wakefield is a fraud
- Christine at Autism United Age of Deceit not autism
- Sheldon at Vaccines Work Deer saw the records of the kids in Wakefield paper legally
- Rubicon at Rubicon Give it up, Jenny!
- Oliver Willis at Oliver Willis Huffington Post lets Jenny McCarthy aid in killing children with anti-vaccine nonsense
- Amy Alkon at Advice Goddess Highly educated morons
- Steve at One Citizen Speaking Celebrity Activism: Accountability for Damages
- Matt Cutts at Gadgets Googles and SEO Are Vaccines Safe?
- Jonah Lehrer at Wired Science Cognitive Dissonance
- Benjamin Radford at Discovery Vaccine-Autism Doctor accused of "deliberate fraud"
- Seer McRicketts-Mcgee at Occipital Hazard If it quacks like a duck
- Oliver Willis at Oliver Willis Anti-vaccine crazies spamming blogs to defend Wakefield's Autism Scam
- Leart Shaka at Vaccine Times Wakefield Saga: Brian Deer on Anderson Cooper
- William Heisel at Antidote blog at Reporting on Health Wakefield's Wake Part 1: Media should help und doamage from the vaccine - autism hoax
- Mike Unger, MD at Dr.Suess Vaccine Update Part 3 -- The study connecting autism to MMR vaccine was intentional fraud
- Norbrook at Blue Wave News Scientific Fraud Anti-Vaccination Killed Children
Responses to How the vaccine crisis was meant to make money from others critical of Wakefield
- Orac at Respectful Insolence Wakefield In it for the money
- Brian Deer at the Guardian The medical establishment shielded Andrew Wakefield from fraud claims
- Oliver Willis at Oliver Willis Report: Andrew Wakefield Tried To Make Millions On Fake Autism – Vaccine Link
- Green Agenda Wakefield expected financial gain
- CmdrTaco at Slashdot Autism-vax Doc Scandal was Pharma Business Scam
- Amanda Gardner at Healthday/Bloomberg Businessweek Report alleges money motivated doctor behind autism-vaccine scare
- CNN wire staff at CNN Vaccine study's author held related patent, medical journal reports
- Deborah Brauser at Medscape Investigator Planned to Make Vast Profit From Autism/MMR Vaccine Scare, BMJ Says
- Science Daily Secret businesses aimed to exploit vaccine fears, British Medical Journal investigation finds
- Scott Hensley at National Public Radio Journal claims profit motive helped fuel autism-vaccine scare
- Hidden Cause, Visible Effects "....they would win the Nobel Prize for this"
- Atheist in a (Metaphorical) foxhole Hard Lesson
- Rebecca Boyle at PopSci British doctor faked data linking vaccines and autism and hoped to profit from it.
- Benjamin Radford Discovery News Anti-Vaccine Doctor Planned to profit from scare
- Editorial at the New York Times Autism Fraud
- Phil Plait at Bad Astronomy More on Wakefield's descent money, money, money
- Amy at the Asthma Mom Money, Medicine and Fraud: Latest in the Wakefield Saga
- Seth Mnookin at the Daily Beast MMR Autism Scare: Andrew Wakefield's Fraudulent Study
- Scott Gavura and Kim Hebert at Science-Based Therapy After Wakefield: Undoing A Decade of damaging debate and at Science-Based Pharmacy
- Toni Brayer MD at KevinMD How the vaccine and autism scare was a fraud to make money
- Alex B. Berezow, Special to CNN Vaccine-autism researcher should be prosecuted
- Christopher J. Elias at UN Dispatch Ending the Silence on The Fraudulent Vaccine-Autism Link
- Norbrook at Blue Wave News The Anti-Vaccine Fraud: It Gets Worse
- Susan Perry at the MinnPost Doctor had strong financial motives for launching MMR-Autism Scare
- Robert M. Goldberg at the Washington Times Doctored truth, dead babies
- Nicole Brocheu at the Los Angeles Times Autism-vaccine link debunked -- too little, too late
- Editorial at the Denver Post Message is clear: No link between autism, vaccine
- Editorial at New York Daily News There isn't enough science in the world to debunk anti-vaccine quackery for some people
Reactions from those favorable to Wakefield and/or the vaccines cause autism idea to Secrets of the MMR scare: how the case against the MMR vaccine was fixed
- The editors at Age of Autism, National Autism Association Says BMJ Article is Yet Another Attempt to Thwart Vaccine Safety Research
- John Stone at Age of Autism, Fiona Godlee: Editor with an Agenda?
- John Stone at Age of Autism ,The British Medical Journal Shows Misjudgement, Bias in Further Attack on Andrew Wakefield
- The editors at Age of Autism,CryShame Response to BMJ Report
- The editors at Age of Autism, J.B. Handley Talks to CNN's Ali Velshi on Vaccine Safety
- Anne Dachel at Age of Autism, What a Difference a Day Makes
- Katie Wright at Age of Autism, Katie Wright on CNN's Dr. Gupta Autism MMR Story
- Editors at Age of Autism Lancet 12 Parents Respond to Brian Deer BMJ GMC Allegations
- Kim Stagliano at Age of Autism, Vaccine Safety Advocate Kim Stagliano Discusses Wakefield Tale
- Michael Wagnitz at Wisconsin State Journal Reader defends doctor over fraud allegations
- ChildHealthSafety CNN Interview – Andrew Wakefield Replies to Autism Fraud Allegations
- ChildHealthSafety REBUTTAL OF AUTISM FRAUD CLAIMS IN BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL – NAA UK NEWS RELEASE
- Staff report from The Daily Bell Wakefield Accused of Further Vaccine Fraud
- Harold Doherty at Facing Autism in New Brunswick What Court of Law Convicted Dr. Andrew Wakefield of Fraud?
- Ginger Taylor at Adventures in Autism Round 20 in the Destroy Andrew Wakefield Campaign
- ScootleRoyale at Skeptic Denialism Skeptics eating up Big Pharma crucifixion of Dr. Andrew Wakefield
- Craig Willoghby at New News is Old News and Anecdotal
- Anna Raccoon at Anna Raccoon Politics the cruellest hoax of all
- Child Health Safety at Child Health Safety The BIG Lie – Wakefield Lancet Paper Alleged Fraud – Was Not Possible For Anyone To Commit
- Editors at Age of Autism Repost of Child Health Safety article The BIG Lie – Wakefield Lancet Paper Alleged Fraud – Was Not Possible For Anyone To Commit
- Judy Converse at Nutrition Care for Children Wakefield has company
- Something causes autism The Wakefield Witchhunt
- Christina England at VacTruth Media vultures have another go at Wakefield's research
- Jason Kornwitz at Northeastern University News Chilling research into vaccine-autism link (interview with Wakefield collaborator Richard Deth, )
- Editors at Age of Autism Autism Experts Discuss Wakefield BMJ Story on Voice America Tuesday
- JB Handley at Age of Autism Keeping Anderson Cooper Honest: Is Brian Deer the Fraud?
- Editors at Child Health Safety Vaccines-Cause-Autism War Is Over
- Douglass at the Douglass Report Autism Hoax or Vaccine Witch Hunt?
- Raine Saunders at Agriculture Society Dr. Wakefield and the MMR Vaccine "Scandal"
- Sarah at the Healthy Home Economist Autism Fraud? Researcher a victim of Yellow Journalism
- Wade Rankin at AutismOne Standing
- Jenny McCarthy at Huffington Post In the vaccine-autism Debate, what can parents trust?
- Martin Walker at Age of Autism Landscaping Wakefield's Grave
- Louise Kuo Habakus and Mary Holland FAQs About the BMJ Wakefield Editorial and the Launch of Vaccine Epidemic
- Press release: Autism Advocacy Organizations and Parent Groups Support Dr. Andrew Wakefield
- Leslie Phillips, Autism in the House Blog (Houston Post) Not a hoax
Responses to How the vaccine crisis was meant to make money.
- Craig Willoughby at My Socrates Note Old News is New News, or a Tale of the Tail Wagging the Dog
- Living With The Conspiracy In Defense of Dr. Andrew Wakefield
- Catherine deMiccelli's Blog Blaylock: Big Pharma villified researcher for threatening vaccine program
- PRNewswire: Statement From Dr. Andrew Wakefield: No Fraud. No Hoax. No Profit Motive.
- Norm Roberts at the Age of Autism Wakefield, Deer, BMJ: Facts are stubborn things
I thought this was an interesting editorial: A shot in the arm:
In response to the detailed demolition of his research and ethics, Wakefield turned to Twitter, where he said, “BMJ? Had its day. Join the Autism File Global”.
No, Mr Wakefield, we shall not.
Posted by: Chris | Sunday, January 09, 2011 at 01:39 PM
Thanks Chris -- posted both
Posted by: Liz Ditz | Sunday, January 09, 2011 at 01:46 PM
Thanks for including my post in your round-up. It's flattering to be in such company. :)
Posted by: BigHeathenMike | Tuesday, January 11, 2011 at 09:43 AM
Sorry Liz, that didn't hyperlink, but medworm is a great source to keep track of news and info on medical issues, including vaccines.
Regards,
Deetee
Posted by: Deetee | Tuesday, January 11, 2011 at 10:12 AM
http://www.medworm.com/
Do a search on "news" and "blogs" for wakefield fraud
Posted by: Deetee | Tuesday, January 11, 2011 at 10:14 AM
Thanks for including me in your round-up. It is such an important subject and it is good to know there are so many people making sure the truth gets more attention than the initial fraud.
Posted by: Kat C | Friday, January 14, 2011 at 06:54 PM
"Reactions from those favorable to Wakefield and/or the vaccines cause autism idea"
You listed my blog comment under "favorable to Wakefield section". That is an incorrect description. I made no comment for or against Dr Wakefield. I have never, at any time, offered an opinion on the merits of the Lancet study.
I have two blog comments on the BMJ fraud allegations both of which point out that Wakefield has not been convicted or found guilty of fraud by a court of law or administrative tribunal with legal authority to hear and adjudicate the allegations.
I hope this comment clears up your confusion.
Posted by: Harold L Doherty | Sunday, January 16, 2011 at 06:45 AM