ScienceNOW has a nifty article on the domestication of the cat. What is new is the use of mitochondrial DNA to prove that Felix silvestris silvestris (the Old World wildcat) is indeed the wild ancestor to today's house cat (Felix silvestris domesticus, Felix silvestris catus.)
(that's Felix silvestris silvestris to the left. Image source).
Wildcats are a single Old World species. Five subspecies live in
Europe, sub-Saharan Africa, China, Central Asia, and the Near East. The
researchers collected genetic material from 979 modern-day cats,
domestic and wild, from three continents. Their analysis indicates that
the common ancestors of all domesticated cats lived in the Near East
some 130,000 years ago. They were wildcats living in the Fertile
Crescent--the area extending from the Eastern Mediterranean around
Turkey and down into Mesopotamia--"exactly the place where humanity
settled down to agriculture ten to twelve thousand years ago," says
O'Brien. The team found five lineages of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in
modern felines. Because of this variation, the researchers believe
domestication occurred a half-dozen times or so in the Middle East.
More on feline evolution with a nifty discussion of coat color genetics, which lead me to The Lyons' Den.
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